White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)

White-tailed Eagle

UK History

The White-tailed Eagle became extinct in 1916 due to persecution but was re-introduced to Scotland following a project that started in 1975, translocating birds from Norway.

UK Status

Around 40 pairs now breed in north-west Scotland. A new reintroduction programme was launched in 2007 in an attempt to re-establish white-tailed eagles along the Tay estuary in Scotland.

Global Status

The largest populations of the white-tailed eagle are found in Norway and Russia, with important populations also found in south-west Greenland, Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Germany. Small numbers can be found in the rest of Europe, the Middle East, China, Japan, India and Mongolia.

Following a large recovery in many European countries during 1970-1990, the species continued to increase virtually everywhere during 1990-2000. The European population is now estimated at 5,000-6,600 pairs, encompassing 50-74% of the global population.

Biology

Largest bird of prey in the UK. Sexually mature at five years old. They mate for life, and breed in the same territory each year. Typically raise and fledge one or two chicks. Hunts fish, mammals, birds and carrion.

Issues with humans

Will prey on lambs and deer fawns bringing them into conflict with farmers and land managers but more often feed on animals that have already died. There is a compensation scheme in place for livestock losses. Despite resolute protection, these birds remain susceptible to egg thieves. An Eagle Watch protection scheme operates on the Isle of Mull during nesting season.

Back to top